Twentyman C T, Lang P J
Biofeedback Self Regul. 1980 Dec;5(4):417-26. doi: 10.1007/BF01001357.
Forty subjects participated in an experiment designed to test the effects of different feedback displays on instructed heart rate speeding and slowing. One group of subjects received information about interpulse interval length every beat. This display included specific information about when systole occurred, in addition to information about performance relative to a criterion. Two other groups received similar information about performance, but their displays were not triggered by systole; rather, information about average interpulse interval was presented either every second or every 6 seconds. A fourth group of subjects participated in a perceptual motor task in which no instructions were given to control heart rate. Results indicated that the instructed subjects generated significantly greater heart rate speeding than slowing. Groups receiving feedback produced greater changes when compared to the control group only during the speeding sessions. No differences among feedback groups were present in the slowing task. During speeding, the 1-second group's performance deteriorated dramatically in the second session. The results suggested that, in the context of a feedback task, it is information about the occurrence of systole that facilitates heart rate speeding. Real-time displays are less facilitating of heart rate change and may disrupt speeding performance when information is presented at certain "critical" frequencies. Slowing performance was again shown to be unrelated to information frequency or reinforcement rate.
40名受试者参与了一项实验，该实验旨在测试不同反馈显示对指令性心率加快和减慢的影响。一组受试者每次心跳都接收关于脉间间隔长度的信息。除了关于相对于标准的表现信息外，该显示还包括关于收缩期何时发生的具体信息。另外两组受试者接收了类似的表现信息，但他们的显示不是由收缩期触发的；相反，关于平均脉间间隔的信息要么每秒呈现一次，要么每6秒呈现一次。第四组受试者参与了一项感知运动任务，在该任务中没有给出控制心率的指令。结果表明，接受指令的受试者产生的心率加快明显大于减慢。与对照组相比，只有在加快阶段，接受反馈的组产生了更大的变化。在减慢任务中，各反馈组之间没有差异。在加快阶段，1秒组在第二阶段的表现急剧恶化。结果表明，在反馈任务的背景下，是关于收缩期发生的信息促进了心率加快。当信息以某些“关键”频率呈现时，实时显示对心率变化的促进作用较小，可能会干扰加快阶段的表现。减慢阶段的表现再次表明与信息频率或强化率无关。
