Hatch J P, Gatchel R J
J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1979 Apr;93(2):306-13. doi: 10.1037/h0077556.
Thirty-six male undergraduate students were instructed to raise or lower heart rate in a multiple-session biofeedback experiment. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure, frontalis electromyographic activity, and skin conductance level were simultaneously recorded throughout biofeedback training. Principal axes factor analyses showed that physiological response patterning concomitant with the development of heart rate control was different early in training (Training Session 1) than it was late in training (Training Session 4) for both speeding and slowing conditions. These results indicate that different heart rate control strategies were used by the subjects early and late in training. The factor patterns also indicated a tendency for greater heart rate response specificity as training progressed for both speeding and slowing. Heart rate speeding sessions were also found to be associated with a significant increase in perceived state anxiety as measured by the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory. No significant change in perceived anxiety state, however, was associated with heart rate slowing.
在一项多阶段生物反馈实验中，36名男性本科学生被指导提高或降低心率。在整个生物反馈训练过程中，同时记录收缩压和舒张压、额肌肌电活动以及皮肤电导水平。主成分因子分析表明，在训练初期（训练第1阶段），无论是加快还是减慢心率的情况，与心率控制发展相伴的生理反应模式与训练后期（训练第4阶段）不同。这些结果表明，受试者在训练早期和后期使用了不同的心率控制策略。因子模式还表明，随着训练的进行，无论是加快还是减慢心率，心率反应的特异性都有增加的趋势。通过状态-特质焦虑量表测量发现，心率加快阶段也与感知到的状态焦虑显著增加有关。然而，感知到的焦虑状态没有显著变化与心率减慢有关。
