Port R F
J Acoust Soc Am. 1981 Jan;69(1):262-74. doi: 10.1121/1.385347.
This study attempts to determine the ways in which linguistic timing factors combine with each other in the production of English and specifically, to test and explore aspects of the timing model of Klatt [J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 59, 1208-1221 (1976)]. In two experiments the tensity feature of a sentence stressed vowel and the voicing of the following stop were changed along with a variable that alters the length of the VB syllable. The duration of both the vowel, V, and the following stop closure, C were measured. In the first experiment either one or two unstressed syllables are added to the word and in the second speaking tempo is changed. The significant results of both experiments are accounted for with a formal timing model that separately specifies (1) the Vm + C duration (where Vm = mean duration across the two vowels /i/ and /I/) depending on tempo or word length, (2) the ratio Vm/C depending on the voicing of the stop (/b/ or /p/), and (3) as a final ordered step, a rule that adjusts the vowel length by a constant ratio depending on the identity of the vowel. This integrated model provides for (1) the "incompressiblity" effects, (2) prosodic properties, and (3) the constant V/C ratios for values of the voicing feature found in perception experiments.
本研究试图确定在英语发音过程中语言时间因素相互结合的方式，具体而言，是测试和探索克拉特[《美国声学学会杂志》59, 1208 - 1221 (1976)]时间模型的各个方面。在两个实验中，句子重读音节的紧张度特征以及后续塞音的浊音化随着一个改变VB音节时长的变量而变化。测量了元音V和后续塞音闭塞时长C。在第一个实验中，在单词上添加一个或两个非重读音节，在第二个实验中改变说话节奏。两个实验的显著结果都用一个形式化的时间模型来解释，该模型分别规定：(1) Vm + C时长（其中Vm = 两个元音/i/和/I/的平均时长）取决于节奏或单词长度；(2) Vm/C比率取决于塞音的浊音化（/b/或/p/）；(3) 作为最后一个有序步骤，根据元音的特性以恒定比率调整元音长度的规则。这个综合模型考虑了：(1) “不可压缩性”效应；(2) 韵律特性；(3) 在感知实验中发现的浊音特征值的恒定V/C比率。
