Romsos D R, Palmer H J, Muiruri K L, Bennink M R
J Nutr. 1981 Apr;111(4):678-89. doi: 10.1093/jn/111.4.678.
Beagle bitches, obtained 3 weeks post-conception, were fed one of two diets; diet 1 contained 44% of metabolizable energy from carbohydrate and diet 2 contained 0% of metabolizable energy from carbohydrate. Bitches consumed similar amounts of energy from the two diets. Plasma glucose levels were similar in bitches fed the two diets, except in the week before whelping. At this time, plasma glucose levels as low as 15--20 mg/dl were observed in several bitches fed diet 2. None of the bitches fed diet 1 exhibited hypoglycemia. Bitches fed diet 2 also had depressed plasma levels of alanine and lactate and elevated levels of free fatty acids and B-hydroxybutyrate near the end of gestation. Total number of pups whelped by the bitches was unaffected by diet, but fewer pups from bitches fed diet 2 were alive at birth (63%) than from bitches fed diet 1 (96%). Only 35% of the pups whelped by bitches fed diet 2 were alive at 3 days of age. Milk from bitches fed diet 2 had a lower percentage of energy from lactose and a higher percentage of energy from fat than did milk of bitches fed diet 1. Growth of pups, however, was unaffected by composition of diet fed to the bitches. We concluded that pregnant bitches require dietary carbohydrate for optimal reproductive performance.
受孕3周后获取的比格犬母犬，被喂食两种日粮中的一种；日粮1含有44%来自碳水化合物的可代谢能量，日粮2含有0%来自碳水化合物的可代谢能量。母犬从这两种日粮中摄入的能量相似。喂食这两种日粮的母犬血浆葡萄糖水平相似，但在分娩前一周除外。此时，在喂食日粮2的几只母犬中观察到血浆葡萄糖水平低至15 - 20毫克/分升。喂食日粮1的母犬均未出现低血糖。在妊娠末期，喂食日粮2的母犬血浆丙氨酸和乳酸水平也降低，游离脂肪酸和β-羟基丁酸水平升高。母犬产仔的总数不受日粮影响，但与喂食日粮1的母犬（96%）相比，喂食日粮2的母犬出生时存活的幼犬较少（63%）。喂食日粮2的母犬所产幼犬在3日龄时仅有35%存活。与喂食日粮1的母犬的乳汁相比，喂食日粮2的母犬的乳汁中来自乳糖的能量百分比更低，来自脂肪的能量百分比更高。然而，幼犬的生长不受母犬所喂食日粮组成的影响。我们得出结论，怀孕母犬需要日粮中的碳水化合物以实现最佳繁殖性能。
