Howe P A, Silvern L E
J Pers Assess. 1981 Apr;45(2):168-82. doi: 10.1207/s15327752jpa4502_12.
There is a need for a measure of children's playroom behavior to assess areas of functioning relevant to diagnosis, therapy process, and outcome, as discussed in clinical literature. This study concerned the development of a Play Therapy Observational Instrument designed to meet criteria specified as necessary for such a measure. Two nonclinicians were trained in the observation and scoring of 31 child behaviors. The observations were made on video tapes and transcripts of ongoing play therapy sessions. Results indicated that 13 of the behaviors were scored with a high level of interjudge reliability. These reliable scores formed three statistically valid and theoretically meaningful subscales: emotional discomfort, use of fantasy play as a coping method, and the quality of the child's interaction with the therapist. Children's scale scores were sufficiently stable within sessions and across two therapy sessions to indicate that they reflected individual differences. Relationships between scales were assessed and discussed in the light of theoretical controversies. Implications for future research were discussed.
正如临床文献中所讨论的，需要一种衡量儿童游戏室行为的方法，以评估与诊断、治疗过程和结果相关的功能领域。本研究关注一种游戏治疗观察工具的开发，该工具旨在满足作为此类衡量方法所必需的特定标准。两名非临床医生接受了对31种儿童行为进行观察和评分的培训。观察是在正在进行的游戏治疗 session 的录像带和文字记录上进行的。结果表明，其中13种行为的评分具有较高的评判间信度。这些可靠的分数形成了三个在统计学上有效且在理论上有意义的子量表：情绪不适、将幻想游戏作为应对方法的使用，以及儿童与治疗师互动的质量。儿童的量表分数在 session 内和两个治疗 session 之间足够稳定，表明它们反映了个体差异。根据理论争议对量表之间的关系进行了评估和讨论。讨论了对未来研究的影响。
