Prineas J W
Ann Neurol. 1981;9 Suppl:6-19. doi: 10.1002/ana.410090704.
The Guillain-Barré syndrome is a distinctive neuropathy characterized pathologically by the presence of inflammatory lesions which occur scattered throughout the peripheral nervous system. The lesions consist of circumscribed areas in which myelin is lost in the presence of lymphocytes and macrophages. Myelin damage of effected largely by macrophages, which penetrate the basement membrane around nerve fibers and strip what appears to be normal myelin away from the body of the Schwann cell and off the axon. While there is evidence that this activity is immune mediated, the precise mechanism that leads macrophages to seek out and amputate a specialized region of the Schwann cell plasma membrane remains unexplained.
吉兰-巴雷综合征是一种独特的神经病变，其病理特征为炎症性病变散布于整个周围神经系统。这些病变由局限区域组成，在淋巴细胞和巨噬细胞存在的情况下，髓磷脂会丢失。髓磷脂的损伤主要由巨噬细胞造成，巨噬细胞穿透神经纤维周围的基底膜，将看似正常的髓磷脂从施万细胞体和轴突上剥离。虽然有证据表明这种活动是由免疫介导的，但导致巨噬细胞寻找并切除施万细胞质膜特定区域的精确机制仍未得到解释。
