Svejda J
Arch Geschwulstforsch. 1980;50(6):515-20.
With respect to steady increasing incidence of malignant tumors in Czechoslovakia the oncological program was established with the aim to achieve a gradual dispensarization of all population. The main part of the program is the secondary prevention through oncological examinations to find out early stages of tumors or precancerous lesions. The experimental examinations started in four districts and during two years 111,783 inhabitants from selected groups passed the screening. The examinations were also aimed on hypertension and diabetes. The first results revealed 0.2% new malignancies and 24% preneoplastic lesions. As far as hypertension and diabetes concerns there were 6,204 new cases of hypertension and 2,616 of diabetes. The examinations were supported by centers of clinical oncology created 3 years ago in all district and county hospitals. The task of the centers is not only the early diagnosis of all malignancies but also the application of a suitable therapy. For early diagnosis of some tumors there were established special committees which closely cooperate with the center. These are specially the committees for breast cancer and in some hospitals committees for malignant melanoma. The examinations will be gradually extended to other countries in CSR and in spite of many problems which remain to be solved we hope that all these arrangements will help in the fight against malignant tumors.
鉴于捷克斯洛伐克恶性肿瘤发病率持续上升，制定了肿瘤防治计划，旨在逐步实现全体居民的免患肿瘤。该计划的主要部分是通过肿瘤检查进行二级预防，以发现肿瘤的早期阶段或癌前病变。实验性检查在四个地区启动，在两年时间里，来自选定群体的111,783名居民接受了筛查。检查还针对高血压和糖尿病。初步结果显示，新发现0.2%的恶性肿瘤和24%的癌前病变。就高血压和糖尿病而言，新发现6204例高血压病例和2616例糖尿病病例。这些检查得到了3年前在所有地区和县医院设立的临床肿瘤中心的支持。这些中心的任务不仅是对所有恶性肿瘤进行早期诊断，还包括应用合适的治疗方法。为了对某些肿瘤进行早期诊断，成立了特别委员会，这些委员会与中心密切合作。特别是乳腺癌委员会，在一些医院还设有恶性黑色素瘤委员会。检查将逐步扩展到捷克斯洛伐克社会主义共和国的其他地区，尽管仍有许多问题有待解决，但我们希望所有这些安排将有助于抗击恶性肿瘤。
