Hausen B M, Schmalle H
Br J Ind Med. 1981 May;38(2):105-9. doi: 10.1136/oem.38.2.105.
Australian blackwood (Acacia melanoxylon RBR) is a valuable commercial timber that since 1925 has been incriminated as being injurious to health. In addition to toxic effects numerous cases of allergic contact dermatitis and bronchial asthma have been observed in woodworkers. Several constituents have been identified in recent years, but none of them could be considered as aetiological factors. Sensitizing experiments performed with blackwood heartwood extracts corroborated the described sensitising properties. Chemical studies showed the occurrence of two or possibly three quinones that produced positive skin responses in the sensitised guinea pigs. The main contact allergens were isolated and identified by x-ray analysis. The first, a yellow quinone, was identified as 2,6-dimethoxy-1,4-benzoquinone while the second, a red quinone, has the structure of 6-methoxy-2-methyl-3,5-dihydrobenzofurano-4,7-dion and was named acamelin. Whereas 2, 6-dimethoxy-p-benzoquinone is already known from natural sources, acamelin is new and belongs to the rate group of naturally occurring furanoquinones. Though the obtained sensitising capacity of A melanoxylon RBR in respect of its quinones is not high, it should be considered as a possible source of allergic contact dermatitis, especially as greater amounts of Australian blackwood may enter European countries in the near future.
澳洲黑木（黑木相思，学名：Acacia melanoxylon RBR）是一种珍贵的商用木材，自1925年以来一直被认为对健康有害。除了毒性作用外，还在木工中观察到多例过敏性接触性皮炎和支气管哮喘病例。近年来已鉴定出几种成分，但它们都不能被视为病因。用黑木心材提取物进行的致敏实验证实了其所述的致敏特性。化学研究表明存在两种或可能三种醌类物质，它们在致敏豚鼠中产生了阳性皮肤反应。主要的接触性过敏原通过X射线分析得以分离和鉴定。第一种是黄色醌类，被鉴定为2,6 - 二甲氧基 - 1,4 - 苯醌，而第二种是红色醌类，其结构为6 - 甲氧基 - 2 - 甲基 - 3,5 - 二氢苯并呋喃 - 4,7 - 二酮，被命名为黑木醌。虽然2,6 - 二甲氧基对苯醌已从天然来源中知晓，但黑木醌是新发现的，属于天然存在的呋喃醌类中的稀有类别。尽管就其醌类而言，黑木相思的致敏能力不高，但应将其视为过敏性接触性皮炎的可能来源，特别是考虑到在不久的将来可能会有更多的澳洲黑木进入欧洲国家。
