van der Wal S, Snyder L R
Clin Chem. 1981 Jul;27(7):1233-40.
A comprehensive theory has been presented elsewhere (Anal. Chem. 53: 877-884, 1981) for the various contributions to assay imprecision in procedures that are based on sample extraction followed by "high-performance" liquid chromatography. Experimental data (1800 assays, 8400 results) for the Technicon FAST-LC system are used with this theory in an effort to understand and control the precision of clinical-laboratory procedures, both automated and manual. This study provides specific conclusions and recommendations on matters such as: standardization procedures and protocols, physical properties requires in internal standards, the relative importance of different sources of imprecision and means for improving precision, the relative importance of temperature control in pretreatment and liquid-chromatographic analysis, and the precision obtainable with small sample volumes or with samples containing very low concentrations of analyte (e.g., in assays for free drugs). Automation evidently can lead to twofold greater assay precision, other factors being equal, for liquid-chromatographic procedures that include sample pretreatment. Similarly, internal standardization, properly applied, can decrease assay imprecision by twofold.
在其他地方（《分析化学》53: 877 - 884, 1981）已经提出了一种全面的理论，用于解释基于样品萃取然后进行“高效”液相色谱分析的方法中，各种导致分析不精密度的因素。利用Technicon FAST-LC系统的实验数据（1800次分析，8400个结果）结合该理论，旨在理解和控制临床实验室程序（包括自动化和手动程序）的精密度。本研究就以下事项提供了具体结论和建议：标准化程序和方案、内标所需的物理性质、不同不精密度来源的相对重要性以及提高精密度的方法、预处理和液相色谱分析中温度控制的相对重要性，以及使用小体积样品或含有极低浓度分析物的样品（例如游离药物分析）可获得的精密度。在其他因素相同的情况下，对于包括样品预处理的液相色谱程序，自动化显然可使分析精密度提高两倍。同样，正确应用内标法可使分析不精密度降低两倍。
