Schroth M L
J Gen Psychol. 1981 Apr;104(2d Half):243-8. doi: 10.1080/00221309.1981.9921041.
Practice with informative feedback and active training were found to be effective in enhancing concept attainment in older adults. Fifty male and 50 female Ss, aged 60-79 years, were given a pretest and posttest, each involving conjunctive concept-identification problems. The practice-plus-informative-feedback groups (right-wrong, nothing-wrong, and right-nothing) discovered the concepts faster than the active training group. The last group outperformed a control group. These results, in contrast to previous studies, demonstrate that the elderly are capable of solving complex cognitive tasks, like younger Ss, by using their own self-generated strategies and currently available information. This is consistent with recent theory that emphasizes experiential factors as the basis for performance deficit in cognitive tasks for older adults.
研究发现，有信息反馈的练习和主动训练在提高老年人的概念获得能力方面是有效的。100名年龄在60 - 79岁之间的受试者（50名男性和50名女性）接受了前测和后测，每次测试都包含联合概念识别问题。有练习加信息反馈的组（对错组、无错组和对无组）比主动训练组更快地发现了概念。最后一组的表现优于对照组。与之前的研究相比，这些结果表明，老年人能够像年轻受试者一样，通过使用自己生成的策略和现有的信息来解决复杂的认知任务。这与最近强调经验因素是老年人认知任务表现缺陷基础的理论相一致。
