Lomazzi F, Gurtner H P
Schweiz Med Wochenschr. 1981 May 2;111(18):618-24.
In a normal lung at an altitude of 2000 meters the pO2 in the alveolar air is 77 mm Hg. At 3800 meters it drops to 57 mm Hg. In the healthy individual increasing hypoxia leads to hypoxemia, tachycardia at low levels of exercise, increased sympathetic tone, pulmonary hypertension and, in some instances, retention of water. Under these circumstances acute mountain sickness or high altitude pulmonary edema may occur. In patients with marginal cardiocirculatory function these effects of hypoxia are potentially dangerous and may lead to cardiac decompensation. Patients with coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, arrhythmias, pulmonary hypertension and valvular heart disease can tolerate altitude and air travel only if, with adequate therapy, they are either asymptomatic or only slightly symptomatic at rest, or if they show some functional reserve during exercise testing.
在海拔2000米的正常肺部，肺泡气中的氧分压为77毫米汞柱。在海拔3800米时，该数值降至57毫米汞柱。对于健康个体而言，缺氧加剧会导致低氧血症、低强度运动时心动过速、交感神经张力增加、肺动脉高压，在某些情况下还会导致水潴留。在这些情况下，可能会发生急性高山病或高原肺水肿。对于心脏循环功能处于临界状态的患者，缺氧的这些影响具有潜在危险性，可能导致心脏代偿失调。患有冠状动脉疾病、充血性心力衰竭、心律失常、肺动脉高压和瓣膜性心脏病的患者，只有在接受充分治疗后，处于无症状状态或仅在休息时有轻微症状，或者在运动测试中显示出一定功能储备时，才能耐受海拔高度和航空旅行。
