Goodman L J, Wunderman L E
JAMA. 1981 Aug 21;246(8):854-8.
Since 1975 the flow of foreign medical graduates (FMGs) into US graduate medical education programs has been declining as a result of several factors, primarily because of the more stringent entrance requirements mandated by the 1976 Health Professions Educational Assistance Act (PL 94-484). From 1975 to 1979 the percentage of FMGs in US residencies has declined from 28.5% to 20.4%, a decline of 20.5%. Even more dramatic was the 73.4% decline in exchange visitor FMG residents. Partially offsetting these declines were the increases registered by US medical graduates and US citizen FMGs, resulting in fewer unfilled approved residency positions during the four-year period. However, it is doubtful if these increases are sufficient to meet replacement needs, especially in several metropolitan areas, specialties, and hospitals. The waiver of certain requirements of PL 94-484 may need to be extended to aid transition to decreased dependence of FMGs.
自1975年以来，由于多种因素，外国医学毕业生（FMGs）进入美国毕业后医学教育项目的人数一直在下降，主要原因是1976年《卫生职业教育援助法》（第94 - 484号公法）规定了更为严格的入学要求。从1975年到1979年，美国住院医师项目中外国医学毕业生的比例从28.5%下降到了20.4%，降幅为20.5%。交换访问者外国医学毕业生住院医师的降幅更为显著，达到了73.4%。部分抵消这些降幅的是美国医学毕业生和美国公民外国医学毕业生人数的增加，这使得在这四年期间未填补的获批住院医师职位有所减少。然而，这些增加是否足以满足更替需求令人怀疑，尤其是在几个大都市地区、专业领域和医院。可能需要延长对第94 - 484号公法某些要求的豁免，以帮助实现向减少对外国医学毕业生依赖的过渡。
