Ultrastructural studies on the surface coat of human platelet aggregated by polylysine and dextran.

Positively charged macromolecule, polylysine (mol. wt. 15,000; 23,000; 180,000) could induce the platelet aggregation in low concentration but high concentration was required in the case of neutral macromolecule, dextran (mol. wt. 40,000; 250,000; 2,000,000). The larger molecules of polylysine and dextran were more effective in inducing platelet aggregation. In the dextran-induced aggregation, positively charged Thorotrast particles on the cell surface did not decrease significantly. On the other hand, the surface membranes of platelets aggregated by polylysine were essentially devoid of bound particles. Heparin inhibited the polylysine-induced platelet aggregation but not the dextran-induced aggregation. These findings suggested that polylysine induced aggregation more effectively than dextran by reducing the negative surface charge and giving stronger adsorption force on cell surface. In platelet-rich plasma, polylysine elicited the release reaction of 14C-serotonin but dextran did not. Possible mechanism by which polylysine could elicit the release reaction is the formation of more tightly packed platelet aggregate than that by dextran in the presence of the low calcium ion concentration in citrated platelet-rich plasma. Average distance between plasma membranes of aggregated platelets, however, did not vary with the degrees of polymerization of these macromolecules.