Furuse K, Ando A, Osawa S, Watanabe I
Appl Environ Microbiol. 1981 May;41(5):1139-43. doi: 10.1128/aem.41.5.1139-1143.1981.
To determine the transmission cycle of ribonucleic acid (RNA) coliphages in their natural habitats, we investigated the distribution patterns of RNA phages in raw sewage collected from treatment plants in various localities in Japan. Most of the sewage samples contained group II and III phages. Samples from treatment plants in Sapporo, Tokyo, and Toyama contained appreciable amounts of group I phages in addition to the group II and III phages. As a whole, raw sewage from treatment plants in Japan contained RNA phages of the three groups in the ratio 1:2:5, group I/II/III. Based on the distribution patterns of RNA phages in sewage from domestic drainage in Japan proper (group II/III, 3:1), in animal feces and sewage from slaughter houses (mostly group I), and in human feces (group II/III, 1:1), it can be reasonably said that group I phages tend to be introduced from animal sources and group II and III phages tend to be introduced from human sources. Raw sewage from treatment plants in Japan consists mainly of human feces, sewage from domestic drainage, and industrial wastewater, and, in part, from slaughter houses. In fact, sewage from slaughter houses together with that from human sources flowed into the treatment plants of Tokyo as far as we could confirm.
为了确定核糖核酸（RNA）噬菌体在其自然栖息地的传播周期，我们调查了从日本各地污水处理厂收集的原污水中RNA噬菌体的分布模式。大多数污水样本含有II组和III组噬菌体。来自札幌、东京和富山污水处理厂的样本，除了含有II组和III组噬菌体外，还含有相当数量的I组噬菌体。总体而言，日本污水处理厂的原污水中含有的三组RNA噬菌体的比例为I/II/III = 1:2:5。根据日本本土生活污水（II/III组，3:1）、动物粪便和屠宰场污水（大多为I组）以及人类粪便（II/III组，1:1）中RNA噬菌体的分布模式，可以合理地说，I组噬菌体倾向于来自动物源，II组和III组噬菌体倾向于来自人类源。日本污水处理厂的原污水主要由人类粪便、生活污水和工业废水组成，部分来自屠宰场。事实上，据我们所能确认的，屠宰场的污水与来自人类源的污水一起流入了东京的污水处理厂。
