Swann I J, MacMillan R, Strong I
Injury. 1981 Jan;12(4):274-8. doi: 10.1016/0020-1383(81)90200-x.
A prospective study was carried out of 784 adults (aged 13 years and over) with recent head injuries who attended the Accident and Emergency Department of the Glasgow Royal Infirmary during an 11-week period (April-June 1978). One-third were caused by assault and only one-tenth by road traffic accidents. Half the patients had recently ingested alcohol, one-quarter of all patients had at least a brief period of post-traumatic amnesia (PTA). The overall admission rate was 28 per cent. Radiography of the skull was performed in 65 per cent and a fracture seen in 5 per cent of these. One-quarter of the patients had at least one unsatisfactory radiograph. Two patients whose fractures were initially missed on radiography were not admitted. Seven of the 24 patients with fractures had no clinical evidence of brain damage (no PTA, no impaired conscious level, no focal neurological signs or symptoms), but all had wounds of the scalp. One-third of all patients did not have radiography of the skull performed, nor were they admitted to hospital, yet one-quarter of these had some evidence of brain damage.
对784名近期头部受伤的成年人（年龄在13岁及以上）进行了一项前瞻性研究，这些患者在11周期间（1978年4月至6月）前往格拉斯哥皇家医院急诊科就诊。其中三分之一的损伤由袭击所致，只有十分之一由道路交通事故造成。一半患者近期饮酒，四分之一的患者至少有过一段创伤后遗忘期（PTA）。总体入院率为28%。65%的患者进行了颅骨X光检查，其中5%发现有骨折。四分之一的患者至少有一张X光片结果不理想。两名骨折最初在X光检查时被漏诊的患者未被收治。24名骨折患者中有7名没有脑损伤的临床证据（无PTA、意识水平无受损、无局灶性神经体征或症状），但均有头皮伤口。三分之一的患者未进行颅骨X光检查，也未入院，但其中四分之一有一些脑损伤的证据。
