Helms P, Beardsmore C S, Stocks J
J Appl Physiol Respir Environ Exerc Physiol. 1981 Aug;51(2):270-5. doi: 10.1152/jappl.1981.51.2.270.
Absolute intraesophageal pressure at functional residual capacity (FRC) has been estimated in 15 infants (age 1-30 wk) by the extrapolation of the esophageal pressure-volume relationships to zero balloon volume by use of air-filled balloons in their ranges of infinite compliance. The pressure-volume relationships of the esophageal balloons (length 3.5-5.0 cm, perimeter 1.7-2.5 cm, wall thickness 0.045-0.075 mm) were determined in air and in erect and horizontal positions under water, the behavior of the balloons placed horizontally under water closely approximated that of the balloons in vivo. The mean absolute intraesophageal pressure at FRC was -1.44 cmH2O in eight normal infants and -1.56 cmH2O in seven convalescent infants with a variety of cardiorespiratory disorders. The less negative absolute end-expiratory esophageal pressure in infants when compared with that in adults can be explained by changes in lung elastic recoil, chest wall recoil, or a combination of these factors during the development and growth of the respiratory system from birth to adulthood.
通过使用在无限顺应性范围内的充气气球，将食管压力-容积关系外推至零气球容积，对15名婴儿（年龄1 - 30周）在功能残气量（FRC）时的绝对食管内压力进行了估计。在空气中以及在水中直立和水平位置测定了食管气球（长度3.5 - 5.0厘米，周长1.7 - 2.5厘米，壁厚0.045 - 0.075毫米）的压力-容积关系，水平放置在水中的气球行为与体内气球的行为非常相似。8名正常婴儿在FRC时的平均绝对食管内压力为-1.44厘米水柱，7名患有各种心肺疾病的恢复期婴儿为-1.56厘米水柱。与成人相比，婴儿呼气末食管绝对压力的负值较小，这可以通过从出生到成年呼吸系统发育和生长过程中肺弹性回缩、胸壁回缩的变化或这些因素的综合作用来解释。
