Ismail H, Lall P
Child Care Health Dev. 1981 Jun;7(3):127-34. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2214.1981.tb00830.x.
A study of 4239 school entrants showed that 3.4% had less than normal or near normal distant vision and 0.8% had near vision impairment. The group requiring specialist advice and care, that is, those with 6/12 or worse vision in either eye were further investigated. The effectiveness of pre-school examinations in the early detection of vision defects could thus be assessed. The results indicated that two-thirds had not been detected during the pre-school period. Where diagnosed, the great majority were between 3 and 5 years of age. In general, attendance at child health clinics for developmental surveillance was not a significant factor. Given that maturation has an effect, the difficulty seems to be the lack of suitable techniques rather than expertise. This suggests that the whole area of vision testing during the pre-school periods needs to be reviewed.
一项针对4239名入学儿童的研究表明，3.4%的儿童远视力低于正常或接近正常水平，0.8%的儿童有近视力障碍。对那些需要专家建议和护理的儿童组，即任何一只眼睛视力为6/12或更差的儿童进行了进一步调查。由此可以评估学前检查在早期发现视力缺陷方面的有效性。结果表明，三分之二的视力缺陷在学前阶段未被发现。在已确诊的病例中，绝大多数患儿年龄在3至5岁之间。总体而言，到儿童健康诊所进行发育监测并非一个重要因素。鉴于成熟度有影响，困难似乎在于缺乏合适的技术而非专业知识。这表明学前阶段的视力测试整个领域都需要重新审视。
