Ekhart E, Bayer H, Auer L, List W F
Anaesthesist. 1978 Nov;27(11):527-32.
Sodium nitroprusside (Nipride) was used in 35 patients between 16 and 72 years for induced hypotension. The fast and dose-dependent effect on the smooth muscles of the vessels made it superior to other methods of lowering blood pressure. Sodium nitroprusside was used to achieve hypotension in 11 patients (group I) with an aneurysm of a cerebral vessel and in 16 patients (group II) with highly vascularized cerebral tumors. In 8 patients (group III) from the neurosurgical intensive care unit a hypertensive crisis was interrupted. 10 patients (group IV) without induced hypotension were used as controls to compare the action of our standardized method of anesthesia on the observed parameters of blood pressure lowering. The average dose of sodium nitroprusside was 2.74 mcg/kg/min. in group I, 1.77 mcg/kg/min in group II and 1.27 mcg/kg/min in group III. The initial blood pressure was lowered between 30--40% in the mean in all 3 groups. Careful monitoring of the intra-arterial blood pressure, the central venous pressure, the cerebral fluid pressure, the arterial blood gases and the function of the kidneys during and after induced hypotension with sodium nitroprusside made it possible to take advantage of the blood pressure lowering effect also in patients with increased intracranial pressure.
硝普钠（Nipride）用于35例年龄在16至72岁之间的患者以诱导低血压。其对血管平滑肌的快速且剂量依赖性作用使其优于其他降压方法。硝普钠用于11例（I组）脑血管动脉瘤患者和16例（II组）高血管化脑肿瘤患者以实现低血压。神经外科重症监护病房的8例患者（III组）高血压危象得到缓解。10例未诱导低血压的患者（IV组）用作对照，以比较我们标准化麻醉方法对观察到的血压降低参数的作用。硝普钠的平均剂量在I组为2.74微克/千克/分钟，II组为1.77微克/千克/分钟，III组为1.27微克/千克/分钟。所有3组的平均初始血压降低了30%至40%。在使用硝普钠诱导低血压期间及之后，仔细监测动脉血压、中心静脉压、脑脊液压力、动脉血气和肾脏功能，使得颅内压升高的患者也能够利用其降压作用。
