Stock G, Rupprecht U, Stumpf H, Schlör K H
J Auton Nerv Syst. 1981 Apr;3(2-4):503-10. doi: 10.1016/0165-1838(81)90083-7.
Experiments were performed in chronically operated cats first awake and thereafter anesthetized with pentobarbitone, 16-20 mg/kg i.v. Stimulation of the central amygdala in awake cats elicited an arousal reaction seen in cortical and hippocampal EEG, and in muscle activity of dorsal neck muscles. Concomitantly therewith were autonomic system reactions resulting in a decrease in aortic blood flow distal to the renal arteries, an increase in arterial blood pressure, a tachycardia during, and a short-lasting bradycardia at the end of stimulation. In slightly anesthetized cats the cardiovascular reactions were found to be qualitatively similar. If the postero-lateral hypothalamus or the locus coeruleus complex were stimulated in cats first awake and thereafter anesthetized, similar arousal reactions and similar cardiovascular changes were obtained as with amygdaloid stimulations. However, the onset and magnitude of the response were more abrupt and more marked than those obtained by amygdaloid stimulations. Recordings of single unit activity within the central amygdala during spontaneously occurring changes in the level of arousal showed that amygdaloid units (n = 10) discharged at a rate of 7-14 impulses/sec during wakefulness whereas during slow wave sleep (n = 5) the discharge was only 2-9 impulses/sec. The hypothesis is put forward that the amygdala integrates behavioral and cardiovascular changes during arousal.
实验在长期手术的猫身上进行，首先使猫清醒，然后静脉注射16 - 20毫克/千克的戊巴比妥进行麻醉。在清醒的猫身上刺激中央杏仁核会引发在皮层和海马脑电图以及颈背肌肌肉活动中可见的觉醒反应。与此同时，自主神经系统会产生反应，导致肾动脉远端的主动脉血流量减少、动脉血压升高、刺激期间心率加快以及刺激结束时出现短暂的心动过缓。在轻度麻醉的猫身上发现心血管反应在性质上相似。如果在首先清醒然后麻醉的猫身上刺激下丘脑后外侧或蓝斑复合体，会获得与杏仁核刺激相似的觉醒反应和相似的心血管变化。然而，反应的起始和幅度比杏仁核刺激时更突然、更明显。在自发的觉醒水平变化期间记录中央杏仁核内的单个单位活动表明，杏仁核单位（n = 10）在清醒时以7 - 14次冲动/秒的速率放电，而在慢波睡眠期间（n = 5）放电仅为2 - 9次冲动/秒。提出的假设是，杏仁核在觉醒过程中整合行为和心血管变化。
