Russell J A, Holmes E M, Keller D J, Vargas J H
J Trauma. 1981 Sep;21(9):802-4. doi: 10.1097/00005373-198109000-00009.
During the 1977-78, 1978-79, and 1979-80 ski seasons, 76 acute anterior shoulder dislocations were treated by one of three Orthopedic Surgeons at the Rutland Vermont Hospital Emergency Room: 68 (89.4%) were reduced on first attempt using the Milch technique of abduction and external rotation. Four (5.2%) required general anesthesia and four were reduced using meperidine hydrochloride (Demerol, Winthrop) and diazepam (Valium, Roche) and a traction-countertraction technique. Of the 68 shoulders reduced with the Milch technique, 47 (69.1%) required no analgesics or muscle relaxants. There were no complications attributable to the technique itself. Males were injured more frequently than females in a 4.4:1 ratio. Left shoulder injuries were as common as right. Recurrent dislocations occurred more frequently in younger individuals. Fractures of the greater tuberosity were associated injuries in five (6.6%) of all dislocations. These all occurred in individuals older than age 39 years and were coincident with primary dislocations.
在1977 - 1978、1978 - 1979和1979 - 1980滑雪季期间，佛蒙特州拉特兰医院急诊室的三位骨科医生之一对76例急性前肩关节脱位进行了治疗：其中68例（89.4%）首次尝试采用米尔奇外展和外旋技术复位成功。4例（5.2%）需要全身麻醉，4例采用盐酸哌替啶（度冷丁，温思罗普公司）和地西泮（安定，罗氏公司）以及牵引 - 对抗牵引技术复位。在采用米尔奇技术复位的68例肩部中，47例（69.1%）无需使用镇痛药或肌肉松弛剂。未出现因该技术本身导致的并发症。男性受伤的频率高于女性，比例为4.4:1。左肩损伤与右肩损伤一样常见。复发性脱位在较年轻个体中更为常见。在所有脱位病例中，有5例（6.6%）合并大结节骨折。这些骨折均发生在39岁以上的个体中，且与初次脱位同时发生。
