Johannsen U, Koch F, Mehlhorn G, Panndorf H, Neumeister K
Arch Exp Veterinarmed. 1978;32(4):623-54.
Here are the most important pathomorphological findings recorded from 14 calves or heads of young cattle following whole-body X-ray treatment (170 R and u50 R median-line dosage): 1. Damage was caused to the haematopoietic system, with the most severe effects on granulopoiesis, thrombocytopoiesis, and lymphopoiesis, but less conspicuous lesion of erythropoiesis. 2. Haemorrhagic diathesis developed together with pneumonia in 86 per cent of all cases, manifested in most of them as severe fibrinous pneumonia and pleuropneumonia (in 75 per cent of the cases) and progressing pericarditis. 3. Liver degeneration occurred to all animals, usually in the form of centrobular liver cell necrobiosis (86 per cent), with most of the cases accompanied by diffuse degenerative hepatoparenchymal damage (80 per cent) as well as by granular degeneration of the myocardium and acute fubulonephrosis, the latter two processes obviously developing only short time before death. 4. Catarrhal as well as fibrinous and circumscribed diphtheroid enteritis developed in 43 per cent of all animals, those which had received a median-line dosage of 170 R. 5. Deficiency in supply was recorded, too, with severe damage to the haematopoietic organs being in the focus of the pathological process. That damage actually was the cause of the haematologically established granulocytopenia or agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia, and lymphopenia. That was the background against which radiation syndrome of calf could be accompanied by activation of latent or subclinical infection of respiratory organs and the development of severe pneumonia as well as by changes in the intestinal flora leading to the outbreak of enteritis. The collapse of cellular defence mechanisms obviously caused intestinal induction of resorption of bacterial toxins and decomposed tissue products, with the pneumonia-damaged lungs being involved. The results eventually were intoxication with haemodynamic disorders, increase in vascular permeability, and degenerative damage to the parenchyma. Haemorrhagic diathesis was the result of thrombocytopenia and, possibly, endotoxic or toxic damage to the coagulation and blood vessel system. Further pathogenetic aspects relating to the radiation syndrome in calf and young cattle are discussed.
以下是对14头犊牛或幼牛进行全身X射线照射（中线剂量分别为170伦琴和50伦琴）后记录到的最重要的病理形态学发现：1. 造血系统受到损害，对粒细胞生成、血小板生成和淋巴细胞生成的影响最为严重，而红细胞生成的损害则不太明显。2. 86%的病例出现出血素质并伴有肺炎，其中大多数表现为严重的纤维素性肺炎和胸膜肺炎（75%的病例）以及进行性心包炎。3. 所有动物均发生肝脏变性，通常表现为肝小叶中心肝细胞坏死（86%），大多数病例伴有弥漫性肝实质变性损害（80%）以及心肌颗粒变性和急性肾小管坏死，后两种病变显然仅在死亡前短时间内出现。4. 43%接受中线剂量170伦琴照射的动物发生卡他性、纤维素性和局限性假膜性肠炎。5. 还记录到营养供应不足，造血器官的严重损害是病理过程的焦点。这种损害实际上是血液学上确定的粒细胞减少或粒细胞缺乏、血小板减少和淋巴细胞减少的原因。这就是犊牛辐射综合征可能伴有呼吸道潜在或亚临床感染激活以及严重肺炎发展，以及肠道菌群变化导致肠炎爆发的背景。细胞防御机制的崩溃显然导致肠道对细菌毒素和分解的组织产物的吸收增加，受损的肺部也参与其中。最终结果是中毒，伴有血流动力学紊乱、血管通透性增加和实质细胞变性损害。出血素质是血小板减少以及可能是内毒素或毒素对凝血和血管系统损害的结果。文中还讨论了与犊牛和幼牛辐射综合征相关的进一步发病机制方面的问题。
