Kurjak A, Kirkinen P, Latin V, Ivankovic D
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1981 Oct 1;141(3):266-70. doi: 10.1016/s0002-9378(16)32631-x.
Fetal renal function was evaluated in 255 normal singleton pregnancies between 22 and 41 weeks of gestation and in 133 complicated pregnancies. Hourly fetal urinary production rate (HFUPR), fetal glomerular filtration rate (GFR), fetal tubular water reabsorption (TWR), and the effect of furosemide on fetal micturition was evaluated by ultrasound and a combination of ultrasound and biochemical tests. In normal pregnancies, the HFUPR increased from 2.2 ml/hr at 22 weeks of gestation to 26.3 ml/hr at 40 weeks of gestation. The fetal GFR was 2.66 ml/min at term, and the percentage of TWR was 78%. In complicated pregnancies, the HFUPR was above normal in 5.7% of the growth-retarded fetuses and below the tenth percentile in 58.6%. The GFR was below normal in 68.2% of the group of complicated pregnancies, but TWR did not significantly differ from that in the normal pregnancies. The effect of furosemide was the same in both growth-retarded and normal fetuses. In diabetic pregnancies, HFUPR values varied considerably and correlated with the fetal size. The HFUPR was normal in anencephalic fetuses and in 90.0% of the pregnancies with hydramnios.
对255例孕22至41周的正常单胎妊娠及133例复杂妊娠的胎儿肾功能进行了评估。通过超声以及超声与生化检查相结合的方法，评估了胎儿每小时尿液生成率（HFUPR）、胎儿肾小球滤过率（GFR）、胎儿肾小管水重吸收（TWR）以及呋塞米对胎儿排尿的影响。在正常妊娠中，HFUPR从妊娠22周时的2.2毫升/小时增加到妊娠40周时的26.3毫升/小时。足月时胎儿GFR为2.66毫升/分钟，TWR百分比为78%。在复杂妊娠中，5.7%的生长受限胎儿HFUPR高于正常，58.6%低于第十百分位数。复杂妊娠组中68.2%的胎儿GFR低于正常，但TWR与正常妊娠组无显著差异。呋塞米对生长受限胎儿和正常胎儿的作用相同。在糖尿病妊娠中，HFUPR值差异很大，且与胎儿大小相关。无脑儿胎儿及90.0%的羊水过多妊娠的HFUPR正常。
