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Infants and children in the adult world of automobile safety design: pediatric and anatomical considerations for design of child restraints.成人世界汽车安全设计中的婴幼儿：儿童安全座椅设计的儿科及解剖学考量
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2
Minimum expected cell size requirements for the Mantel-Haenszel one-degree-of-freedom chi-square test and a related rapid procedure.Mantel-Haenszel单自由度卡方检验及相关快速程序的最小预期单元格大小要求。
Am J Epidemiol. 1980 Jul;112(1):129-34. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a112962.
3
Options for the prevention of motor vehicle crash injury.预防机动车碰撞伤害的方法。
Isr J Med Sci. 1980 Jan;16(1):45-65.
4
Are 1974-1975 automotive belt systems hazardous to children?
Am J Dis Child. 1975 Aug;129(8):946-9. doi: 10.1001/archpedi.1975.02120450052010.
5
Estimates of motor vehicle seat belt effectiveness and use: implications for occupant crash protection.机动车安全带有效性及使用情况估计：对乘员碰撞保护的影响
Am J Public Health. 1976 Sep;66(9):859-64. doi: 10.2105/ajph.66.9.859.
6
Children in motor vehicles. Never too young to die.
JAMA. 1979 Dec 28;242(26):2848-51.

空难中有幸存者时未系安全带婴儿乘客与系安全带非婴儿乘客的相对死亡率。

Relative mortality of unbelted infant passengers and belted non-infant passengers in air accidents with survivors.

作者信息

Fife D, Rosner B, McKibben W

出版信息

Am J Public Health. 1981 Nov;71(11):1242-6. doi: 10.2105/ajph.71.11.1242.

DOI:10.2105/ajph.71.11.1242
PMID:7294268
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1619923/
Abstract

Aircraft accidents with survivors were examined to determine the relative risk of mortality for unrestrained infant passengers vs seat-belted adult passengers. The crude relative risk was estimated to be 7.1, based on US data, and 7.4, based on worldwide data. More refined estimates allow for possible effect of seat location and for differences in lethality between crashes. Using such estimates, unbelted infant passengers have relative risk of 5.9 based on US data and 9.6 based on worldwide data. The injury experience of restrained vs unrestrained automobile passengers suggests that observed excess risk to infant air passengers may be related to the absence of a mechanical restraint system. Recommendations for a mechanical restraint system are made and the cost and benefits of implementing these recommendations in the US are discussed.

摘要

对有幸存者的飞机事故进行了调查，以确定未系安全带的婴儿乘客与系安全带的成年乘客的相对死亡风险。根据美国数据，粗略相对风险估计为7.1，根据全球数据为7.4。更精确的估计考虑到座位位置的可能影响以及不同坠机事故中致死率的差异。使用这些估计值，根据美国数据，未系安全带的婴儿乘客相对风险为5.9，根据全球数据为9.6。系安全带与未系安全带的汽车乘客的受伤情况表明，观察到的婴儿航空乘客的额外风险可能与缺乏机械约束系统有关。提出了关于机械约束系统的建议，并讨论了在美国实施这些建议的成本和效益。