Svedenhag J, Sjödin B
Can J Appl Sport Sci. 1985 Sep;10(3):127-33.
The seasonal variation in physiological characteristics of elite male runners was studied. Five middle distance (mean age 21 yrs) and 5 long distance runners (23 yrs), all members of the Swedish national track and field team, participated in treadmill tests on 4 occasions over a period of one year: in January, in May, during the highly competitive summer period and the following January. The maximal oxygen uptake (VO2 max, ml X kg-1 X min-1) increased successively during the season and was significantly (p less than 0.01) higher during the summer than in the winter (74.2 to 77.4 ml X kg-1 X min-1). From the competitive summer period to the second winter the VO2 max (ml X kg-1 X min-1) showed a significant decrease. The absolute value of VO2 max (1/min) was not significantly changed during this one-year period, however. Running economy was evaluated from oxygen uptake determinations at 15 km/h (VO2 15) and 20 km/h (VO2 20). Slightly lower values of VO2 15 and VO2 20 were noted during the season, and after one year VO2 20 was significantly decreased. Such an improvement in running economy with time was also found in a larger group of elite runners (n = 16) when determined from an average of 7 treadmill tests. The running velocity corresponding to a blood lactate concentration of 4 mmol/l increased from January to the summer season. The blood lactate concentration after exhaustion (VO2 max test) increased significantly from January to May.
对优秀男性跑步运动员生理特征的季节性变化进行了研究。五名中距离跑运动员（平均年龄21岁）和五名长跑运动员（23岁），均为瑞典国家田径队队员，在一年的时间里分4次参加了跑步机测试：1月、5月、竞争激烈的夏季以及次年1月。最大摄氧量（VO2 max，毫升×千克⁻¹×分钟⁻¹）在赛季中持续增加，夏季显著高于冬季（p<0.01）（从74.2毫升×千克⁻¹×分钟⁻¹增至77.4毫升×千克⁻¹×分钟⁻¹）。从竞争激烈的夏季到次年冬季，VO2 max（毫升×千克⁻¹×分钟⁻¹）显著下降。然而，在此一年期间，VO2 max的绝对值（升/分钟）并无显著变化。通过测定15千米/小时（VO2 15）和20千米/小时（VO2 20）时的摄氧量来评估跑步经济性。在赛季中，VO2 15和VO2 20的值略低，一年后VO2 20显著下降。当从7次跑步机测试的平均值来确定时，在更大一组优秀跑步运动员（n = 16）中也发现了随着时间推移跑步经济性的这种改善。与血乳酸浓度为4毫摩尔/升相对应的跑步速度从1月到夏季有所增加。力竭后（VO2 max测试）的血乳酸浓度从1月到5月显著增加。
