Shanmugaratnam K, Tye C Y, Goh E H, Chia K B
IARC Sci Publ (1971). 1978(20):199-212.
A total of 379 Singapore Chinese patients with NPC were interviewed by use of a questionnaire covering the following items: occupation, level of education, language medium of education, personal and family history of nasal illnesses, types of medicines used, use of Chinese medicines for the nose and throat, use of soya sauce, Chinese tea, cooling drinks and alcohol, cigarette smoking (number and duration), cooking fuels and use of incense (frequency and duration) and of anti-mosquito coils. The same questionnaire was given to two groups of controls: 595 patients with diseases of the ear, nose and throat other than NPC and 1 044 patients with diseases other than cancer or otorhinolaryngeal disease. NPC patients differed significantly from both groups of controls in that they showed stronger associations with personal history of nasal illnesses, family history of nasal illnesses, use of Chinese medicines for the nose and throat and exposure to smoke from anti-mosquito coils.
通过问卷调查对总共379名新加坡华裔鼻咽癌患者进行了访谈，问卷涵盖以下项目：职业、教育程度、教育语言媒介、个人及家族鼻部疾病史、所用药物类型、用于鼻喉的中药使用情况、酱油、中国茶、冷饮及酒精的摄入情况、吸烟（数量及持续时间）、烹饪燃料以及香的使用（频率及持续时间）和蚊香的使用情况。同样的问卷也发给了两组对照组：595名患有除鼻咽癌之外的耳鼻喉疾病的患者以及1044名患有除癌症或耳鼻喉疾病之外的其他疾病的患者。鼻咽癌患者与两组对照组存在显著差异，因为他们与个人鼻部疾病史、家族鼻部疾病史、用于鼻喉的中药使用情况以及接触蚊香烟雾之间的关联更强。
