Venerando A, Pelliccia A
Phlebologie. 1981 Apr-Jun;34(2):289-98.
The venous circulation in athletes doing sports involving medium or heavy cardiac strain means that considerable physiological modifications may occur, notably vascular expansion. This phenomenon may be observed in the superficial venous circulation of both the upper and lower members, as well as in pulmonary circulation. Varices of the lower members are common in about 5% of practising athletes, notably in weight-lifters and wrestlers who are particularly prone to this risk, and precisely because venous return is impeded by the predominantly static effort which characterizes these sports. Karate, judo, canoeing, football, high jump and long jump are similar: mechanical blocks or sudden increases of venous pressure following the rapid changes in body-position or particular posture. Nevertheless, these phenomena can only be explained by the supposition that the valvular mechanism of certain subjects is particularly vulnerable. There are other sports, on the other hand, which have a beneficial effect on venous return, especially swimming and long-distance running.
从事涉及中度或重度心脏负荷运动的运动员的静脉循环意味着可能会发生相当大的生理变化，尤其是血管扩张。这种现象在上肢和下肢的浅静脉循环以及肺循环中都可以观察到。下肢静脉曲张在约5%的现役运动员中很常见，尤其是举重运动员和摔跤运动员，他们特别容易面临这种风险，正是因为这些运动的主要静态用力会阻碍静脉回流。空手道、柔道、皮划艇、足球、跳高和跳远也类似：身体位置或特定姿势的快速变化会导致机械性阻塞或静脉压力突然增加。然而，这些现象只能通过某些人的瓣膜机制特别脆弱这一假设来解释。另一方面，还有其他一些运动对静脉回流有有益影响，特别是游泳和长跑。
