Helm E B, Stille W
Immun Infekt. 1978 Dec;6(6):217-22.
MIC and kinetic of bactericidal activity was determined for various antibiotics in body fluids (plasmawater, bile, amniotic fluid and urine). Beta-lactam antibiotics demonstrated slight loss of activity against enterobacteriaceae. The newer cephalosporine compounds, cefoxitin, cefuroxime and HR 756 showed an increase in activity in plasmawater. Carbenicillin was more active in plasmawater, bile and amniotic fluid than in broth. There was a difference in gentamycin activity against enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa: enhanced activity against E. coli in body fluids and diminished against pseudomonas. Tetracycline was less active in body fluids, specially in alkaline bile. The combination ampicillin/gentamycin against E. coli was more effective in plasmawater than in DST agar. Cefazolin/gentamycin demonstrated no synergism. Although carbenicillin/tobramycin were not synergistic against pseudomonas aeruginosa in plasmawater. The marked differences in different body fluids should be taken into consideration when new antibiotics are introduced.
测定了多种抗生素在体液（血浆、胆汁、羊水和尿液）中的最低抑菌浓度（MIC）和杀菌活性动力学。β-内酰胺类抗生素对肠杆菌科细菌的活性略有丧失。新型头孢菌素化合物头孢西丁、头孢呋辛和HR 756在血浆中的活性有所增加。羧苄西林在血浆、胆汁和羊水中比在肉汤中更具活性。庆大霉素对肠杆菌科细菌和铜绿假单胞菌的活性存在差异：在体液中对大肠杆菌的活性增强，而对铜绿假单胞菌的活性减弱。四环素在体液中活性较低，尤其是在碱性胆汁中。氨苄西林/庆大霉素联合用药对大肠杆菌在血浆中比在双倍肉汤稀释法琼脂中更有效。头孢唑林/庆大霉素未显示协同作用。虽然羧苄西林/妥布霉素在血浆中对铜绿假单胞菌无协同作用。引入新抗生素时应考虑不同体液中的显著差异。
