Soyka L F
Semin Perinatol. 1981 Oct;5(4):305-9.
The vast majority of fetuses are exposed to one or more of the methylxanthines, primarily caffeine, often at frequent intervals, during gestation. Caffeine has a multitude of pharmacologic actions and its effects must be determined on the fetus and newborn in the immediate future for suggestive evidence links caffeine with such fetal and newborn pathology as pre- and postmaturity and intrauterine growth retardation. Since both caffeine and theophylline have markedly prolonged and variable half-lives especially in the premature infant, the possibility of prolonged effects from these drugs cannot be dismissed.
绝大多数胎儿在孕期会频繁接触到一种或多种甲基黄嘌呤，主要是咖啡因。咖啡因具有多种药理作用，鉴于有提示性证据将咖啡因与早产、过熟以及宫内生长迟缓等胎儿和新生儿病理状况联系起来，必须尽快确定其对胎儿和新生儿的影响。由于咖啡因和茶碱的半衰期都明显延长且变化不定，尤其是在早产儿中，因此不能排除这些药物产生长期影响的可能性。
