King M H, Martodipoero S
Int J Health Serv. 1978;8(4):653-64. doi: 10.2190/ATDG-DLRW-UCKU-1RLF.
A method of systematically planning the technical details of personal health care in the developing world is described. In contrast to national health plans of the traditional kind--"macroplans"--those for health technology have to be minutely detailed. They have therefore been termed "microplans". (They have also been called health care packages, but this term has other usages). A microplan is defined as an integrated set of components (instructions for technologies, equipment lists, teaching aids, evaluation instruments, etc.) prepared nationally to support a particular health care subsystem. The rationale for a microplan is that the whole is more than the sum of its parts. A microplan is itself a system in two senses. First, the technologies in a given microplan need to be organized so as to support one another. Second, the components in a microplan must themselves be integrated into a system. A microplan can be applied to induce change and so improve the technical quality of existing services. It can also be used to train new workers. More importantly, it ties educational programs to service needs. Since the technology for dealing with disease is so similar all over the developing world, once a "master microplan" for a particular subsystem has been prepared, it can be adapted readily to the needs of individual countries.
本文描述了一种系统规划发展中国家个人医疗保健技术细节的方法。与传统的国家卫生计划（“宏观计划”）不同，卫生技术计划必须非常详细。因此，它们被称为“微观计划”。（它们也被称为医疗保健包，但这个术语还有其他用法）。微观计划被定义为在全国范围内准备的一组综合组件（技术说明、设备清单、教学辅助工具、评估工具等），以支持特定的医疗保健子系统。微观计划的基本原理是整体大于部分之和。微观计划在两种意义上本身就是一个系统。首先，给定微观计划中的技术需要组织起来以便相互支持。其次，微观计划中的组件本身必须集成到一个系统中。微观计划可用于引发变革，从而提高现有服务的技术质量。它还可用于培训新员工。更重要的是，它将教育计划与服务需求联系起来。由于在整个发展中国家，应对疾病的技术非常相似，一旦为特定子系统制定了“主微观计划”，就可以很容易地根据各个国家的需求进行调整。
