Crawford G E, Gremillion D H
J Infect Dis. 1981 Nov;144(5):403-10. doi: 10.1093/infdis/144.5.403.
The safety of attenuated viral vaccines against measles and rubella and their efficacy in controlling a massive outbreak of these two diseases in air force recruits at Lackland Air Force Base, Texas, were studied. Recorded cases of measles declined from a high of 1,345 in 1976 to a low of 227 in 1979. Similarly, rubella cases declined from a peak before the immunization program of 1,361 in 1977 to a low of 67 in 1979. A controlled study of morbidity related to immunization revealed that there is less immediate local morbidity from immunizations against measles and rubella than with other routine immunizations. Recruits who received the attenuated viral vaccines reported fever, myalgias, and diarrhea only slightly more frequently than did recruits in the concurrent control group. The present data indicate that measles and rubella, increasingly consequential diseases among young adults, can be safely and effectively controlled with attenuated viral vaccines.
对减毒活疫苗预防麻疹和风疹的安全性以及它们在得克萨斯州拉克兰空军基地控制空军新兵中这两种疾病大规模爆发的有效性进行了研究。记录的麻疹病例从1976年的1345例高位降至1979年的227例低位。同样，风疹病例从免疫计划实施前1977年的1361例峰值降至1979年的67例低位。一项关于免疫相关发病率的对照研究表明，与其他常规免疫相比，麻疹和风疹免疫接种后立即出现的局部发病率较低。接种减毒活疫苗的新兵报告发热、肌痛和腹泻的频率仅略高于同期对照组的新兵。目前的数据表明，麻疹和风疹在年轻人中日益成为重要疾病，可以通过减毒活疫苗安全有效地加以控制。
