Jezek Z, Hardjotanojo W, Rangaraj A G
Am J Epidemiol. 1981 Dec;114(6):798-803. doi: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a113250.
To assess the prevalence of persistent facial scars after recovery from chickenpox (varicella), 250 subjects in Somalia in whom the diagnosis had been confirmed by electron microscopic identification of varicella virus were examined in 1979, a year after their illness; 2.4% had five or more facial scars indistinguishable from those seen among smallpox (variola major or variola minor) victims, with a higher percentage among males (2.7%) than females (1.9%). The highest proportion of those with five or more residual facial scars (8.3%) was found among young adults 20-29-years-old. The low proportion of varicella cases who had five or more facial scars contrasts with the 6.8% of cases of variola minor who were similarly scarred one year later (Somalia, 1978), and to an even greater degree with the situation after variola major, where the proportion varied from 65% for vaccinated subjects to 85% among unvaccinated persons (India, 1976). Pockmark surveys are a valid method for determining the past occurrence of variola major but cannot be relied on in areas were variola minor has occurred. However, varicella must be considered when making such a retrospective diagnosis.
为评估水痘（带状疱疹病毒感染）康复后持续性面部瘢痕的患病率，1979年，对索马里250名经电子显微镜鉴定水痘病毒确诊的受试者进行了检查，此时距离他们患病已过去一年；2.4%的人有五个或更多面部瘢痕，这些瘢痕与天花（大天花或小天花）患者的瘢痕难以区分，男性比例（2.7%）高于女性（1.9%）。在20至29岁的年轻人中，有五个或更多面部残留瘢痕的比例最高（8.3%）。水痘患者中有五个或更多面部瘢痕的比例较低，这与一年后有类似瘢痕的小天花患者比例（索马里，1978年）为6.8%形成对比，与大天花后的情况对比更为明显，接种疫苗者的比例从65%到未接种者的85%不等（印度，1976年）。痘痕调查是确定过去大天花发病情况的有效方法，但在曾发生过小天花的地区不可靠。然而，在进行这种回顾性诊断时必须考虑水痘。
