Driessen A, Kossmann B, Dick W, Möller M R
Anaesthesist. 1981 Nov;30(11):575-6.
Eleven patients were given morphine 5 mg via an epidural catheter to provide analgesia after urologic surgery. Morphine levels were determined in serum and urine by radioimmunoassay. Cardiovascular reactions (heart rate, blood pressure) and arterial pO2 were recorded. Analgesia ensued very rapidly and lasted 29 hours on the average. For 4 hours after epidural administration, the serum morphine levels were within the range required for analgesia after intravenous injection. Side effects on the cardiovascular system and the respiratory system were not observed. Epidural morphine application is recommended as a good method for postoperative analgesia.
11名患者在泌尿外科手术后通过硬膜外导管给予5毫克吗啡以提供镇痛。通过放射免疫测定法测定血清和尿液中的吗啡水平。记录心血管反应（心率、血压）和动脉血氧分压。镇痛起效非常迅速，平均持续29小时。硬膜外给药后4小时内，血清吗啡水平在静脉注射后镇痛所需范围内。未观察到对心血管系统和呼吸系统的副作用。推荐硬膜外应用吗啡作为术后镇痛的良好方法。
