Dallow R L
Ophthalmology. 1978 Nov;85(11):1218-28. doi: 10.1016/s0161-6420(78)35563-9.
A series of 342 patients with unilateral exophthalmos underwent orbital diagnostic studies including ultrasonography, computerized tomography, radiographic studies, and vascular contrast studies. Each test was found to have diagnostic capabilities that complemented other studies depending upon the specific disease process involved. No one test was entirely adequate without supplementary information from the other tests. Radiographic studies demonstrated bony abnormality in 50% of the tumor cases, but in only 28% of the entire series of exophthalmos cases. Computerized tomography demonstrated diagnostic soft tissue abnormality in 86% of tumors, 43% of inflammatory diseases, and an overall yield of 62% positive results. Ultrasonography proved the most versatile test for evaluation of orbital soft tissues, with 80% positive results for tumors, 87% for inflammatory disorders, and 78% overall accurate orbital diagnosis. Erroneous tumor diagnosis of 7% with computerized tomography and 3% with ultrasonography were corrected by combining these two studies, because they tend to err in opposite directions. Combination of ultrasound and CT scan resulted in a 98% correct diagnosis of all types of orbital diseases.
342名单侧眼球突出患者接受了眼眶诊断检查，包括超声检查、计算机断层扫描、放射学检查和血管造影检查。结果发现，每项检查都具有诊断能力，可根据所涉及的特定疾病过程补充其他检查。没有其他检查提供的补充信息，任何一项检查都不完全足够。放射学检查在50%的肿瘤病例中显示出骨质异常，但在整个眼球突出病例系列中仅为28%。计算机断层扫描在86%的肿瘤、43%的炎症性疾病中显示出诊断性软组织异常，总体阳性结果率为62%。超声检查被证明是评估眼眶软组织最通用的检查方法，对肿瘤的阳性结果率为80%，对炎症性疾病为87%，眼眶诊断总体准确率为78%。将计算机断层扫描和超声检查相结合，纠正了计算机断层扫描7%和超声检查3%的错误肿瘤诊断，因为它们往往在相反方向出现错误。超声和CT扫描相结合对所有类型眼眶疾病的正确诊断率为98%。
