Dallow R L, Momose K J, Weber A L, Wray S H
Trans Sect Ophthalmol Am Acad Ophthalmol Otolaryngol. 1976 Mar-Apr;81(2):305-22.
A series of 342 consecutive patients with unilateral exophthalmos of confirmed etiology have been studied with a combination of clinical investigative techniques. High resolution B-scan ultrasonography and computerized tomography proved to be the most valuable tests for detecting orbital tumors and inflammatory conditions. Ultrasonography demonstrated primary orbital tumors but failed to show intracranial and some secondary tumors. Computerized tomography demonstrated primary, secondary, and intracranial tumors but not cystic masses. Inflammatory conditions such as Graves' disease and pseudotumor were characterized by ultrasonography also, while computerized tomography was not reliable for this. Correct diagnosis of orbital abnormalities in this series was 82% with ultrasonography and 72% with computerized tomography. Combined accuracy of these two complementary tests was 97% for tumor diagnosis. Conventional radiography and polytomography revealed secondary bony changes but not primary orbital tumors and inflammation. Orbital venography and arteriography had a low yield with tumors but were essential for demonstrating arteriovenous abnormalities. Orbital diagnosis has been improved significantly with the two newer techniques of ultrasonography and computerized tomography.
我们采用一系列临床检查技术，对连续342例病因确诊的单侧眼球突出患者进行了研究。高分辨率B型超声扫描和计算机断层扫描被证明是检测眼眶肿瘤和炎症性疾病最有价值的检查方法。超声检查可显示原发性眼眶肿瘤，但无法显示颅内肿瘤和一些继发性肿瘤。计算机断层扫描可显示原发性、继发性和颅内肿瘤，但不能显示囊性肿块。格雷夫斯病和假瘤等炎症性疾病也可通过超声检查来特征化，而计算机断层扫描对此并不可靠。在本系列中，超声检查对眼眶异常的正确诊断率为82%，计算机断层扫描为72%。这两种互补检查对肿瘤诊断的综合准确率为97%。传统的X线摄影和断层摄影可显示继发性骨质改变，但不能显示原发性眼眶肿瘤和炎症。眼眶静脉造影和动脉造影对肿瘤的检出率较低，但对显示动静脉异常至关重要。超声检查和计算机断层扫描这两种新技术显著提高了眼眶疾病的诊断水平。
