Walker J M, Goldsmith C H
Yale J Biol Med. 1981 Nov-Dec;54(6):411-37.
Hip joints (280) from 140 human fetuses, obtained from abortions and deaths in the perinatal period, were studied. The fetuses ranged from 8.7 to 40 cm in crown-rump length and are believed to be between 12 and 42 weeks in age. The joints were dissected, morphology inspected, and measurements taken of the depth and diameter of the acetabulum, the diameter of the femoral head, length and width of the ligament of the head, the neck-shaft, and torsion angles of the proximal femur. Regression models were fitted to determine which would best predict the growth pattern. Multivariate analysis of variance showed no significant differences between males and females or between the right and left sides. Acetabular depth was shown to be the slowest-growing hip variable, increasing less than fourfold in the period studied. Acetabular indices less than 50 percent indicate a shallow socket at term. Femoral head and acetabular diameter demonstrated a strong relationship (r = 0.860) and in many joints the femoral head diameter exceeded that of the acetabulum. Considerable variability was demonstrated in both femoral angles. The femoral angles showed only low correlation with the other hip variables. These observations indicate that soft tissue structures about the joint must play an important role in neonatal joint stability. The explanation of greater female and left side involvement in congenital hip disease must lie in factors other than growth changes of hip dimensions. Neither angle appears to be a useful indicator of normal joint development.
对140例取自堕胎及围产期死亡胎儿的髋关节（280个）进行了研究。胎儿的顶臀长度为8.7至40厘米，据信年龄在12至42周之间。对关节进行了解剖，检查了形态，并测量了髋臼的深度和直径、股骨头直径、股骨头韧带的长度和宽度、股骨颈干以及股骨近端的扭转角度。拟合回归模型以确定哪种模型最能预测生长模式。多变量方差分析表明，男性与女性之间以及右侧与左侧之间均无显著差异。髋臼深度是髋关节中生长最慢的变量，在所研究期间增长不到四倍。髋臼指数小于50%表明足月时髋臼较浅。股骨头直径与髋臼直径显示出很强的相关性（r = 0.860），在许多关节中股骨头直径超过了髋臼直径。两个股骨角度均表现出相当大的变异性。股骨角度与其他髋关节变量的相关性仅较低。这些观察结果表明，关节周围的软组织结构在新生儿关节稳定性中必定起着重要作用。女性及左侧先天性髋关节疾病发生率较高的原因必定在于髋关节尺寸生长变化以外的因素。两个角度似乎都不是正常关节发育的有用指标。
