Moutschen-Dahmen J, Moutschen-Dahmen M, Degraeve N
Acta Pharmacol Toxicol (Copenh). 1981;49 Suppl 5:29-39. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0773.1981.tb03250.x.
Contradictory results are found in the literature about the cytogenetical effects of dichlorvos and metrifonate in mammals whereas their chromosome breaking ability was demonstrated in plant and Drosophila cells. They were tested on both in vitro and in vivo cells for chromosome breakage. Dominant lethal mutations were also investigated in mouse as well as epidemiological studies in man. In our experiments on mouse bone marrow and testis, one acute dose was injected respectively: 10 mg/kg for dichlorvos and 100 mg/kg for metrifonate. These experiments failed to reveal any clastogenic effect in these test systems as well as in chronic treatments respectively 2 p.p.m./5 days a week for 7 weeks for dichlorvos and 0.5 p.p.m. 5 days a week for 7 weeks for metrifonate. In an investigation of dominant lethal mutations, dichlorvos did not enhance the frequency of dead embryos but the frequency of pre-implantation losses was significantly increased in two specific periods of the seven investigated. In the same test, metrifonate did not produce any effect. These data are compared with those obtained with trimethylphosphate and MMS taken as positive controls. These results will serve to reevaluate the cytogenetical risks of dichlorvos and metrifonate.
关于敌敌畏和敌百虫对哺乳动物的细胞遗传学效应，文献中发现了相互矛盾的结果，而它们在植物和果蝇细胞中的染色体断裂能力已得到证实。它们在体外和体内细胞中都进行了染色体断裂测试。还在小鼠身上研究了显性致死突变，并在人体中进行了流行病学研究。在我们对小鼠骨髓和睾丸的实验中，分别注射了一次急性剂量：敌敌畏为10毫克/千克，敌百虫为100毫克/千克。这些实验未能在这些测试系统中以及在慢性处理中发现任何致断裂效应，敌敌畏的慢性处理分别为每周5天、浓度为2 ppm，持续7周；敌百虫的慢性处理为每周5天、浓度为0.5 ppm，持续7周。在一项显性致死突变的研究中，敌敌畏并未提高死胎的频率，但在七个研究的特定时期中的两个时期，植入前损失的频率显著增加。在同一测试中，敌百虫没有产生任何影响。这些数据与以磷酸三甲酯和甲基磺酸甲酯作为阳性对照所获得的数据进行了比较。这些结果将有助于重新评估敌敌畏和敌百虫的细胞遗传学风险。
