Nikov S, Ivanov I, Simeonov S P, Dzhurov A, Mikhaĭlov G
Vet Med Nauki. 1981;18(10):46-55.
Studied were 12 cows with protracted, recurrent acidosis of the rumen, 4 cows with alkalosis, and 2 calves with experimental acidosis, following up the changes in the rumen content and their impact on the liver. The diseased animals were investigated both clinically and by laboratory tests with regard to alkaline phosphatase, plasma cholinesterase, SGOT, SGPT, alkali reserves, bilirubin, blood sugar, protein function of the liver (flocculation tests), biopsy of the liver, urine pH, urobilinogen, sedimentation test and ketone bodies, rumen pH, rumen infusoria, glucose-fermenting and cellulose-digesting activity, breakdown of nitrates, butyric acid, and ammonia gas. It was found that recurrent physiologic deviations of the rumen content play an essential pathogenetic role in liver injury. The more substantial and continuous the deviations the more severe the liver diseases. Studies revealed that along with other factors the recurrent acidosis and alkalosis of the rumen content could be claimed to be an immediate cause of the liver diseases in high producing cows. Histologically, the liver of cows with slightly expressed acidosis of the rumen showed granular degeneration, and of cows with protracted acidosis--fatty degeneration, activation of the reticulo-endothelial system, and leukocytes in the capillar sinusoids. Liver biopsy in the case of experimental acidosis demonstrated also decrease in the glycogen content of the hepatocytes.
对12头患有迁延性、复发性瘤胃酸中毒的奶牛、4头患有碱中毒的奶牛以及2头患有实验性酸中毒的小牛进行了研究，跟踪瘤胃内容物的变化及其对肝脏的影响。对患病动物进行了临床检查，并通过实验室检测碱性磷酸酶、血浆胆碱酯酶、谷草转氨酶、谷丙转氨酶、碱储备、胆红素、血糖、肝脏蛋白功能（絮状试验）、肝脏活检、尿液pH值、尿胆原、沉降试验和酮体、瘤胃pH值、瘤胃纤毛虫、葡萄糖发酵和纤维素消化活性、硝酸盐分解、丁酸和氨气。发现瘤胃内容物反复出现的生理偏差在肝脏损伤中起重要的致病作用。偏差越严重和持续，肝脏疾病就越严重。研究表明，除其他因素外，瘤胃内容物反复出现的酸中毒和碱中毒可被认为是高产奶牛肝脏疾病的直接原因。组织学上，瘤胃酸中毒轻微的奶牛肝脏表现为颗粒变性，而患有迁延性酸中毒的奶牛肝脏表现为脂肪变性、网状内皮系统激活以及毛细血管窦中的白细胞。实验性酸中毒情况下的肝脏活检也显示肝细胞糖原含量降低。
