De Leon G, Jainchill N
Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse. 1981;8(4):465-97. doi: 10.3109/00952998109016931.
A sample of male (N = 214) and female (N = 74) dropouts and graduates from the 1974 population in Phoenix House were followed 2 years after treatment. The sample was mainly opioid abusers, Black, and 19-26 years of age. A 4-h face-to-face interview traced social adjustment from 1 year pre- through all years posttreatment. Clients were retested with a psychological battery initially given at admission or during treatment. Results showed that success (no crime and no opioid use and/or no use of a nonopioid primary drug) was maintained throughout 2 years of follow-up by 38% of the males (dropouts 32.9%, graduates, 73.9%) and 42% of the females (dropouts 40.7%, graduates 50.0%); improvement (change from pretreatment status) occurred in over 59% of the males and 60% of the females; success and improvement increased by time in program for both sexes; psychological improvement during treatment and at follow-up was correlated with posttreatment success status. Among successes, the female improvement was significantly larger. The psychological improvement for women appears related to social-role factors that are modified during residency in the therapeutic community.
对来自凤凰之家1974年人群中的214名男性和74名女性辍学者及毕业生在治疗两年后进行了跟踪调查。样本主要是阿片类药物滥用者，黑人，年龄在19至26岁之间。通过4小时的面对面访谈追溯了从治疗前1年到治疗后所有年份的社会适应情况。对客户进行了最初在入院时或治疗期间进行的一系列心理测试的重新测试。结果显示，在两年的随访期间，38%的男性（辍学者为32.9%，毕业生为73.9%）和42%的女性（辍学者为40.7%，毕业生为50.0%）维持了成功状态（无犯罪、无阿片类药物使用和/或无非阿片类主要药物使用）；超过59%的男性和60%的女性有改善（与治疗前状态相比有变化）；成功和改善情况在项目中随着时间的推移在两性中都有所增加；治疗期间和随访时的心理改善与治疗后成功状态相关。在成功的案例中，女性的改善更为显著。女性的心理改善似乎与在治疗社区居住期间得到改变的社会角色因素有关。
