De Leon G
Phoenix House Foundation, Inc., New York, NY 10023.
Alcohol Clin Exp Res. 1987 Oct;11(5):430-6. doi: 10.1111/j.1530-0277.1987.tb01917.x.
Male and female dropouts and graduates (N = 248) from a traditional drug-free therapeutic community were followed 2 years after treatment. A 4-hr face-to-face interview traced the social adjustment one year pre-, through all years posttreatment. Results showed that (a) success (no crime and no opioid and/or no use of nonopioid primary drug) was maintained through 2 years of follow-up by 34% of the dropouts and 68% of the graduates; (b) success rates were highest among opioid abusers and the lowest among primary alcohol abusers; (c) among the latter, however, abstinence rates were significantly increased and daily use of alcohol significantly decreased as did criminal involvement; (d) among the opioid abstinent group, alcohol use increased posttreatment but heavy drinking was not prominent indicating no significant shift in substance dependency. Overall, the therapeutic community appears most effective for opioid abusers but has a clear impact on a considerable number of those primarily involved with alcohol and other substance use.
对来自一个传统的无毒品治疗社区的248名男女辍学者和毕业生在治疗后进行了为期2年的跟踪调查。通过一次4小时的面对面访谈，追溯了治疗前一年直至治疗后各年的社会适应情况。结果显示：（a）34%的辍学者和68%的毕业生在2年的随访期内维持了成功状态（无犯罪、无阿片类药物使用且无非阿片类主要药物使用）；（b）成功率在阿片类药物滥用者中最高，在原发性酒精滥用者中最低；（c）然而，在后者中，戒酒率显著提高，酒精日使用量显著减少，犯罪参与情况也是如此；（d）在阿片类药物戒断组中，治疗后酒精使用有所增加，但重度饮酒并不突出，表明物质依赖没有显著变化。总体而言，治疗社区对阿片类药物滥用者似乎最为有效，但对相当一部分主要涉及酒精和其他物质使用的人也有明显影响。
