Hepatolithiasis in Japan: present status.

Intrahepatic gallstone or hepatolithiasis is one of the most difficult conditions encountered by surgeons in daily practice. A nationwide survey was conducted recently to document the state of hepatolithiasis in Japan and to establish proper methods of treatment. Over 160 institutions participated and 1,590 cases were collected. The stones were mostly of the bile pigment calcium stone variety and were found mainly in the left hepatic duct. The incidence was found to differ considerably from area to area. Pathologic features, diagnostic procedures and treatments currently available for hepatolithiasis are discussed.