Comparative induction of unscheduled DNA synthesis by physical and chemical agents in non-proliferating primary cultures of rat hepatocytes.

The incorporation of [3H]thymidine into DNA due to unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) induced by N-OH-2-acetylaminofluorene (N-OH-AAF), aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), ethyl methanesulfonate (EMS) and ultra-violet light was quantitated by autoradiography and by scintillation spectrometry on acid precipitable macromolecules or DNA insolated by isopycnic banding in cesium chloride (CsCl). Dose-dependent increases in UDS due to N-OH-AAF and AFB1 treatment were found. Only 2-fold increases at the highest dose levels were found, however, when incorporated [3H]thymidine was quantitated by scintillation spectrometry. Seven, 11, and 25-fold increases in UDS induced by AFB1, N-OH-AAF and ultra-violet light, respectively, were found when incorporated [3H]thymidine was quantitated by autoradiography, indicating a high sensitivity for detecting 'long patch' repair by this technique. Scintillation spectrometry was completely ineffective in detecting EMS-induced UDS, whereas autoradiography demonstrated a small, but significant induction in [3H]thymidine incorporation at high dose levels. The non-proliferative nature of the primary hepatocyte prohibits the uniform radioactive prelabeling of DNA, necessary in other techniques, for the detection of 'short patch' repair induced by compounds such as EMS. Therefore, the sensitivity of the primary cultured rat hepatocyte in conjunction with UDS for detecting DNA damage caused by mutagens and carcinogens which induce 'short patch' repair may be limited to the autoradiographic analysis of the unscheduled incorporation of [3H]thymidine.