Boureau F, Laquais B, Vadrot M, Willer J C
Experientia. 1980 Jan 15;36(1):97-8. doi: 10.1007/BF02003997.
The effects of oxapadol, a new non-narcotic analgesic, were tested in man using the electrically-induced nociceptive flexion reflex in the flexor muscles of the lower limb as an index of pain. The drug caused a significant increase in the threshold of the reflex whereas no change was noted with placebo.