Hart R P, Coover G D, Shnerson A, Smotherman W P
J Comp Physiol Psychol. 1980 Apr;94(2):337-45. doi: 10.1037/h0077662.
The results of three experiments indicated that male hooded rats exhibit marked corticosterone elevations when they freely consume .740 mol/l (23.2% w/w) sucrose in tap water while nondeprived or .298 mol/l (9.8% w/w) sucrose when deprived of water for 36 hr. The magnitude of the corticosterone elevation was increased by lengthening the duration of prior water deprivation (2, 24, or 48 hr) and by raising the sucrose solution concentration (.189, .298, or .470 mol/l). Free ingestion of tap water following sucrose consumption accelerated the decline from peak level of corticosterone during the period 60-120 min following the onset of sucrose consumption. Glucose (.470 or 1.166 mol/l) consumption by 36-hr water-deprived rats also elevated corticosterone levels, but less effectively than equimolar sucrose. These data suggest strongly that the pituitary-adrenal system is activated by rapid, acute dehydration. The effect is surprising, considering the minimal effects of water deprivation per se on corticosterone levels and the interpretation of increased pituitary-adrenal activity as a sign of psychological stress.
三项实验的结果表明，当雄性带帽大鼠在未被剥夺水分时自由饮用自来水中含0.740摩尔/升（23.2%重量/重量）的蔗糖溶液，或在被剥夺水分36小时后自由饮用含0.298摩尔/升（9.8%重量/重量）的蔗糖溶液时，其皮质酮水平会显著升高。通过延长先前水分剥夺的持续时间（2、24或48小时）以及提高蔗糖溶液浓度（0.189、0.298或0.470摩尔/升），皮质酮升高的幅度会增加。在饮用蔗糖后自由摄取自来水会加速蔗糖摄取开始后60 - 120分钟内皮质酮从峰值水平的下降。36小时水分剥夺的大鼠摄取葡萄糖（0.470或1.166摩尔/升）也会升高皮质酮水平，但效果不如等摩尔的蔗糖。这些数据有力地表明，垂体 - 肾上腺系统会因快速、急性脱水而被激活。考虑到水分剥夺本身对皮质酮水平的影响极小，以及将垂体 - 肾上腺活动增加解释为心理压力的迹象，这种效应令人惊讶。
