Picq J J, Roux J
Med Trop (Mars). 1980 Jan-Feb;40(1):9-21.
Schistosomiasis are, with three hundred million of infested people, the second world endemy, after malaria. For each of the four species, the distribution areas, the life cycle and the main epidemiological features are recalled in the first chapter. In the five following chapters, the authors consider the human or animal reservoirs of virus, the importance of these diseases towards public health, the gasteropod molluscs acting as intermediate hosts, and the problems of immunity in man. The concepts of "schistosomian infection" and "schistosomian disease" are exposed as well as the differences affecting the various strains of schistosomes and snails intermediate hosts. The authors emphasize the value of quantitative parasitological techniques and sero-immunological methods for epidemiological surveys. They underline the difficulties met in the evaluation of the effect of these diseases upon public health. The main causes inducing the duration of the endemy and those responsible for its extension are studied. The value of mathematic patterns is briefly discussed. Quantitative data compiled through epidemiological surveys should improve the use of the various means presently available for controling schistosomiasis.
血吸虫病有三亿感染者，是仅次于疟疾的世界第二大地方病。第一章回顾了四种血吸虫各自的分布区域、生命周期及主要流行病学特征。在接下来的五章中，作者探讨了病毒的人类或动物宿主、这些疾病对公共卫生的重要性、作为中间宿主的腹足纲软体动物以及人类的免疫问题。文中阐述了“血吸虫感染”和“血吸虫病”的概念，以及不同血吸虫菌株和中间宿主蜗牛之间的差异。作者强调了定量寄生虫学技术和血清免疫学方法在流行病学调查中的价值。他们着重指出了评估这些疾病对公共卫生影响时所遇到的困难。研究了导致地方病持续存在及其蔓延的主要原因。简要讨论了数学模型的价值。通过流行病学调查收集的定量数据应有助于更好地利用目前可用于控制血吸虫病的各种手段。
