Relations between cochlear fatigue and the asymmetrical nonlinearity of the cochlear microphonics.

It is generally assumed that noises have a detrimental effect when the cochlear receptor is overloaded and, more specifically, when the cochlear microphonic (CM) fails to increase linearly with intensity. In order to investigate further the relations between the nonlinearity of CM and damage to the cochlea, a series of experiments was carried out on guinea pigs to relate the short-term CM depression following the presentation of noises or tones with the nonlinearity and the assymmetry. The asymmetrical non-linearity of CM was measured in tracing the input-out functions and also the wave-forms. Two other important tests of the asymmetrical nonlinearity were used: the measure of interference and of summating potential (SP DIF). The results show that the fatigability is greater when there is a large negative asymmetry or a large negative SP. Variations in asymmetry and in SP were observed among individuals. Other changes of symmetry were provoked by asphyxia or by introducing solutions of KCl in the perilymph. These changes were well correlated with the fatigability. These results are interpreted in a model of the cochlear transducer derived from the model of Davis. The assymetry of a flux of potassium ions between endolymph and the hair cells is assumed to be responsible for the alterations associated with cochlear fatigue and trauma.