Birnbaum I M, Johnson M K, Hartley J T, Taylor T H
J Exp Psychol Hum Learn. 1980 May;6(3):293-300.
Three experiments were conducted to determine whether alcohol-induced impairments of memory would be reduced by providing subjects with elaborative schemas. Anomalous sentences were presented to sober or intoxicated subjects either alone or with context words to facilitate comprehension. Memory was tested immediately with a yes-no recognition task. The results consistently showed that context words did not increase the number of hits in either sober or intoxicated subjects, and sober subjects made reliably more hits whether or not context words had been provided. The accuracy of recognition of distractors, however, was consistently improved by the presentation of context words, and was much more improved for intoxicated than for sober subjects. The results indicate that alcohol intoxication disrupted the production of elaborative schemas for understanding, but that intoxicated subjects were quite successful at utilizing such schemas as long as the schemas had been provided for them.
进行了三项实验，以确定通过为受试者提供详尽的图式是否能减轻酒精引起的记忆损伤。向清醒或醉酒的受试者单独呈现异常句子，或与上下文词语一起呈现以促进理解。立即用是/否再认任务测试记忆。结果一致表明，上下文词语并没有增加清醒或醉酒受试者的正确识别数量，并且无论是否提供上下文词语，清醒受试者的正确识别数量都可靠地更多。然而，上下文词语的呈现一致提高了对干扰项的识别准确性，并且醉酒受试者的提高幅度比清醒受试者大得多。结果表明，酒精中毒会干扰用于理解的详尽图式的生成，但只要为醉酒受试者提供了这样的图式，他们就能相当成功地利用这些图式。
