Pellicer A, Robins D, Wold B, Sweet R, Jackson J, Lowy I, Roberts J M, Sim G K, Silverstein S, Axel R
Science. 1980 Sep 19;209(4463):1414-22. doi: 10.1126/science.7414320.
Transformation, or DNA-mediated gene transfer, permits the introduction of new genetic information into a cell and frequently results in a change in phenotype. The transforming DNA is ultimately integrated into a recipient cell chromosome. No unique chromosomal locations are apparent, different lines contain the transforming DNA on different chromosomes. Expression of transformed genes frequently results in the synthesis of new polypeptide products which restore appropriate mutant cells to the wild-type phenotype. Thus transformation provides an in vivo assay for the functional role of DNA sequence organization about specific genes. Transforming genes coding for selectable functions, such as adenine phosphoribosyltransferase or thymidine kinase, have now been isolated by utilizing transformation in concert with molecular cloning. Finally, transformation may provide a general approach to the analysis of complex heritable phenotypes by permitting the distinction between phenotypic changes without concomitant changes in DNA and functional genetic rearrangements.
转化，即DNA介导的基因转移，可将新的遗传信息导入细胞，并常常导致表型改变。转化DNA最终整合到受体细胞染色体中。未发现有独特的染色体定位，不同的细胞系在不同的染色体上含有转化DNA。转化基因的表达常常导致新多肽产物的合成，这些产物可使合适的突变细胞恢复为野生型表型。因此，转化为关于特定基因的DNA序列组织的功能作用提供了一种体内检测方法。通过将转化与分子克隆协同使用，现已分离出编码可选择功能（如腺嘌呤磷酸核糖转移酶或胸苷激酶）的转化基因。最后，通过区分DNA无伴随变化的表型改变和功能性基因重排，转化可为复杂遗传表型的分析提供一种通用方法。
