Cameron H U, McNeice G M
Clin Orthop Relat Res. 1980 Jul-Aug(150):154-8.
Four modes of failure of cemented stem type femoral components are: pistoning within the medullary canal (mode I); medial migration of the proximal stem and lateral migration of the distal stem (mode II); medial lateral toggle of the distal stem tip (mode III); loss of proximal support with firm fixation of the distal end (mode IV). These radiographic failure patterns have been correlated with clinical findings at revision of 51 loose femoral components. The findings at revision correlated well with the radiographic findings indicating the accuracy of this nomenclature, which simplifies discussion of stem failures. Mode I was found to be the most common, and mode IV the most difficult to revise. Neither age, nor weight nor surgical approach influenced the failure mode. The overall results of revision were poor, with most hips rapidly assuming a IB type of appearance.
髓腔内活塞样运动（模式I）；假体近端向内侧移位、远端向外侧移位（模式II）；假体远端尖端内外侧摆动（模式III）；远端牢固固定而近端失去支撑（模式IV）。这些影像学上的失败模式与51例股骨假体松动翻修时的临床发现相关。翻修时的发现与影像学结果高度相关，表明这种命名法的准确性，这简化了对假体柄失败情况的讨论。发现模式I最为常见，模式IV最难翻修。年龄、体重和手术入路均不影响失败模式。翻修的总体结果较差，大多数髋关节很快呈现出IB型外观。
