Smirnov E A
Vopr Onkol. 1980;26(10):63-6.
According to the biopsy (10000 tumors) and autopsy materials cancer in its development occurs in the following stages: background lesions, precancer, preinvasive cancer (Ca in situ) and invasive cancer. Background lesions contribute to and precede the development of cancer, the former are associated with the proliferation of epithelial cells with their preserved differentiation. In precancer--excessive proliferation of epithelial cells with the formation of papillary outgrowths, pseudomultistratified cells without their anaplasia. Preinvasive cancer (Ca in situ) is referred to as a zero stage of cancer (according to WHO classification). Background lesions in 10-20% progress to cancer, precancer in 20-30%--to preinvasive cancer (Ca in situ), and preinvasive cancer develops into invasive cancer in 30-60% of cases. With background [corrected] lesions cancer is noted in 2-3%, in precancer--in 3-6%. An early diagnosis of cancer is possible with the recognition of preinvasive cancer (Ca in situ) and microinvasive cancer, yielding most favourable clinical issues.
根据活检（10000例肿瘤）和尸检材料，癌症在其发展过程中经历以下阶段：背景病变、癌前病变、原位癌（癌前浸润性癌）和浸润性癌。背景病变促进癌症的发生并先于癌症出现，前者与上皮细胞增殖且分化保留有关。在癌前病变中，上皮细胞过度增殖并形成乳头状突起，出现假复层细胞但无间变。原位癌（癌前浸润性癌）被称为癌症的零期（根据世界卫生组织分类）。10%至20%的背景病变会进展为癌症，20%至30%的癌前病变会进展为原位癌（癌前浸润性癌），30%至60%的原位癌会发展为浸润性癌。背景病变发展为癌症的比例为2%至3%，癌前病变发展为癌症的比例为3%至6%。识别原位癌（癌前浸润性癌）和微浸润癌可以实现癌症的早期诊断，从而产生最有利的临床结果。
