Tom L W, Weisman R A, Handler S D
Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol. 1980 Sep-Oct;89(5 Pt 1):419-24. doi: 10.1177/000348948008900508.
Hemoptysis is uncommon in the pediatric age group. There is little mentioned regarding this problem in either the pediatric or the otolaryngologic literature. A review of the past ten years' experience at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia identified 40 patients whose presenting symptoms included hemoptysis. Causes of the hemoptysis included tumor, infection, trauma, and foreign bodies, as well as a variety of other conditions. Based on these findings, a systematic approach to the diagnostic evaluation of the pediatric patient with hemoptysis has been developed. A thorough endoscopic examination of the upper aerodigestive tract is essential in most cases, and can have both diagnostic and therapeutic value. Particular attention is directed toward airway management in patients with massive hemorrhage. Close cooperation among the bronchoesophagologist, pediatrician, and anesthesiologist is mandatory for optimal care of the child with hemoptysis.
咯血在儿童年龄组中并不常见。儿科或耳鼻喉科文献中很少提及这个问题。回顾费城儿童医院过去十年的经验，确定了40例以咯血为主要症状的患者。咯血的原因包括肿瘤、感染、创伤和异物，以及各种其他情况。基于这些发现，已经制定了一种系统的方法来对咯血的儿科患者进行诊断评估。在大多数情况下，对上呼吸道消化道进行彻底的内镜检查至关重要，并且具有诊断和治疗价值。对于大出血患者，应特别注意气道管理。支气管食管科医生、儿科医生和麻醉师之间的密切合作对于咯血儿童的最佳护理是必不可少的。
